AuthenticationContextFactory.cs

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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Linq;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
 
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.OpenIdConnect;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.JsonWebTokens;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
 
using Tgstation.Server.Api;
using Tgstation.Server.Api.Rights;
using Tgstation.Server.Host.Configuration;
using Tgstation.Server.Host.Database;
using Tgstation.Server.Host.Extensions;
using Tgstation.Server.Host.Models;
using Tgstation.Server.Host.Utils;
 
namespace Tgstation.Server.Host.Security
{
    sealed class AuthenticationContextFactory : ITokenValidator, IDisposable
    {
        public const string OpenIDConnectAuthenticationSchemePrefix = $"{OpenIdConnectDefaults.AuthenticationScheme}.";
 
        public IAuthenticationContext CurrentAuthenticationContext => currentAuthenticationContext;
 
        readonly IDatabaseContext databaseContext;
 
        readonly IIdentityCache identityCache;
 
        readonly ILogger<AuthenticationContextFactory> logger;
 
        readonly SwarmConfiguration swarmConfiguration;
 
        readonly SecurityConfiguration securityConfiguration;
 
        readonly AuthenticationContext currentAuthenticationContext;
 
        readonly ApiHeaders? apiHeaders;
 
        int initialized;
 
        static DateTimeOffset ParseTime(ClaimsPrincipal principal, string key)
        {
            var claim = principal.FindFirst(key);
            if (claim == default)
                throw new InvalidOperationException($"Missing '{key}' claim!");
 
            try
            {
                return new DateTimeOffset(
                    EpochTime.DateTime(
                        Int64.Parse(claim.Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)));
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException($"Failed to parse '{key}'!", ex);
            }
        }
 
        public AuthenticationContextFactory(
            IDatabaseContext databaseContext,
            IIdentityCache identityCache,
            IApiHeadersProvider apiHeadersProvider,
            IOptions<SwarmConfiguration> swarmConfigurationOptions,
            IOptions<SecurityConfiguration> securityConfigurationOptions,
            ILogger<AuthenticationContextFactory> logger)
        {
            this.databaseContext = databaseContext ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(databaseContext));
            this.identityCache = identityCache ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(identityCache));
            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(apiHeadersProvider);
 
            apiHeaders = apiHeadersProvider.ApiHeaders;
            swarmConfiguration = swarmConfigurationOptions?.Value ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(swarmConfigurationOptions));
            securityConfiguration = securityConfigurationOptions?.Value ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(securityConfigurationOptions));
 
            this.logger = logger ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(logger));
 
            currentAuthenticationContext = new AuthenticationContext();
        }
 
        public void Dispose() => currentAuthenticationContext.Dispose();
 
        #pragma warning disable CA1506 // TODO: Decomplexify
        public async Task ValidateTgsToken(Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer.TokenValidatedContext tokenValidatedContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        #pragma warning restore CA1506
        {
            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(tokenValidatedContext);
 
            if (tokenValidatedContext.SecurityToken is not JsonWebToken jwt)
                throw new ArgumentException($"Expected {nameof(tokenValidatedContext)} to contain a {nameof(JsonWebToken)}!", nameof(tokenValidatedContext));
 
            if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref initialized, 1) != 0)
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Authentication context has already been loaded");
 
            var principal = new ClaimsPrincipal(new ClaimsIdentity(jwt.Claims));
 
            var userIdClaim = principal.FindFirst(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub);
            if (userIdClaim == default)
                throw new InvalidOperationException($"Missing '{JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub}' claim!");
 
            long userId;
            try
            {
                userId = Int64.Parse(userIdClaim.Value, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to parse user ID!", e);
            }
 
            var notBefore = ParseTime(principal, JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Nbf);
            var expires = ParseTime(principal, JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Exp);
 
            var user = await databaseContext
                .Users
                .AsQueryable()
                .Where(x => x.Id == userId)
                .Include(x => x.CreatedBy)
                .Include(x => x.PermissionSet)
                .Include(x => x.Group)
                    .ThenInclude(x => x!.PermissionSet)
                .Include(x => x.OAuthConnections)
                .FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken);
            if (user == default)
            {
                tokenValidatedContext.Fail($"Unable to find user with ID {userId}!");
                return;
            }
 
            ISystemIdentity? systemIdentity;
            if (user.SystemIdentifier != null)
                systemIdentity = identityCache.LoadCachedIdentity(user);
            else
            {
                if (user.LastPasswordUpdate.HasValue && user.LastPasswordUpdate >= notBefore)
                {
                    tokenValidatedContext.Fail($"Rejecting token for user {userId} created before last modification: {user.LastPasswordUpdate.Value}");
                    return;
                }
 
                systemIdentity = null;
            }
 
            var userPermissionSet = user.PermissionSet ?? user.Group!.PermissionSet;
            try
            {
                InstancePermissionSet? instancePermissionSet = null;
                var instanceId = apiHeaders?.InstanceId;
                if (instanceId.HasValue)
                {
                    instancePermissionSet = await databaseContext.InstancePermissionSets
                        .AsQueryable()
                        .Where(x => x.PermissionSetId == userPermissionSet!.Id && x.InstanceId == instanceId && x.Instance!.SwarmIdentifer == swarmConfiguration.Identifier)
                        .Include(x => x.Instance)
                        .FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken);
 
                    if (instancePermissionSet == null)
                        logger.LogDebug("User {userId} does not have permissions on instance {instanceId}!", userId, instanceId.Value);
                }
 
                currentAuthenticationContext.Initialize(
                    user,
                    expires,
                    jwt.EncodedSignature, // signature is enough to uniquely identify the session as it is composite of all the inputs
                    instancePermissionSet,
                    systemIdentity);
            }
            catch
            {
                systemIdentity?.Dispose();
                throw;
            }
        }
 
#pragma warning disable CA1506 // TODO: Decomplexify
        public async Task ValidateOidcToken(RemoteAuthenticationContext<OpenIdConnectOptions> tokenValidatedContext, string schemeKey, string groupIdClaimName, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
#pragma warning restore CA1506
        {
            ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(tokenValidatedContext);
 
            var principal = tokenValidatedContext.Principal;
            if (principal == null)
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Expected a valid principal here!");
 
            var userIdClaim = principal.FindFirst(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub);
            if (userIdClaim == default)
                throw new InvalidOperationException($"Missing '{JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub}' claim!");
 
            var userId = userIdClaim.Value;
            var scheme = tokenValidatedContext.Scheme.Name;
            var deprefixedScheme = scheme.Substring(OpenIDConnectAuthenticationSchemePrefix.Length);
            var connection = await databaseContext
                .OidcConnections
                .AsQueryable()
                .Where(oidcConnection => oidcConnection.ExternalUserId == userId && oidcConnection.SchemeKey == deprefixedScheme)
                .Include(oidcConnection => oidcConnection.User)
                    .ThenInclude(user => user!.Group)
                        .ThenInclude(group => group!.PermissionSet)
                .FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken);
 
            User user;
            if (!securityConfiguration.OidcStrictMode)
            {
                if (connection == default)
                {
                    tokenValidatedContext.Fail($"Unable to find user with OidcConnection for {deprefixedScheme}/{userId}!");
                    return;
                }
 
                user = connection.User!;
            }
            else
            {
                var groupClaim = principal.FindFirst(groupIdClaimName);
                long? groupId;
                if (groupClaim == default)
                    groupId = null;
                else if (Int64.TryParse(groupClaim.Value, out long groupIdParsed))
                    groupId = groupIdParsed;
                else
                {
                    tokenValidatedContext.Fail($"User has non-numeric '{groupIdClaimName}' claim!");
                    return;
                }
 
                UserGroup? group = groupId.HasValue
                    ? await databaseContext
                        .Groups
                        .AsQueryable()
                        .Where(group => group.Id == groupId.Value)
                        .Include(group => group.PermissionSet)
                        .FirstOrDefaultAsync(cancellationToken)
                    : null;
 
                var missingClaimError = $"User missing '{groupIdClaimName}' claim!";
                if (connection == default)
                {
                    var username = principal.Identity?.Name;
                    if (username == null)
                    {
                        tokenValidatedContext.Fail("Failed to retrieve user's name from retrieved claims!");
                        return;
                    }
 
                    if (username.Contains(':', StringComparison.Ordinal))
                    {
                        tokenValidatedContext.Fail("Cannot create users with the ':' in their name!");
                        return;
                    }
 
                    if (group == null)
                    {
                        tokenValidatedContext.Fail(
                            groupId.HasValue
                                ? $"'{groupIdClaimName}' does not point to a valid group!"
                                : missingClaimError);
                        return;
                    }
 
                    logger.LogInformation("Registering new user '{name}' via OIDC scheme '{scheme}'", username, schemeKey);
 
                    var tgsUser = await databaseContext
                        .Users
                        .GetTgsUser(
                            dbUser => new User
                            {
                                Id = dbUser.Id!.Value,
                            },
                            cancellationToken);
 
                    user = new User
                    {
                        CreatedAt = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow,
                        CanonicalName = User.CanonicalizeName(username),
                        Name = username,
                        CreatedById = tgsUser.Id,
                        Enabled = true,
                        GroupId = group.Id,
                        OidcConnections = new List<OidcConnection>
                        {
                            new()
                            {
                                SchemeKey = schemeKey,
                                ExternalUserId = userId,
                            },
                        },
                        PasswordHash = "_", // This can't be hashed
                    };
 
                    databaseContext.Users.Add(user);
                }
                else
                {
                    user = connection.User!;
 
                    // group update
                    if (group == null)
                    {
                        logger.LogDebug("User {id} attempted to login via OIDC scheme '{scheme}' but had no group ID claim ('{groupClaimName}') and will be disabled", user.Id, schemeKey, groupIdClaimName);
                        user.PermissionSet = new PermissionSet
                        {
                            AdministrationRights = AdministrationRights.None,
                            InstanceManagerRights = InstanceManagerRights.None,
                        };
                        user.GroupId = null;
                        user.Enabled = false;
 
                        tokenValidatedContext.Fail(missingClaimError);
                        return;
                    }
 
                    logger.LogDebug("User {id} mapped to group {groupId} via OIDC login on scheme '{scheme}'", user.Id, groupId, schemeKey);
                    user.Group = group;
                    if (user.PermissionSet != null)
                        databaseContext.PermissionSets.Remove(user.PermissionSet);
 
                    user.Enabled = true;
                }
 
                await databaseContext.Save(cancellationToken);
            }
 
            var expires = ParseTime(principal, JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Exp);
 
            currentAuthenticationContext.Initialize(
                user,
                expires,
                Guid.NewGuid().ToString(),
                null,
                null);
        }
    }
}